16-02: Increasingly Complex Tower Makeup Water IssuesAbstract: As fresh water becomes increasingly scarce in the United States, or perhaps due to political pressures, new power and industrial plant owners are turning to alternatives supplies for plant makeup, including the makeup to cooling towers. A common source is secondary treated municipal wastewater effluent. These waters often contain impurities that serve as nutrients for microbiological fouling in cooling systems, and include ammonia,